Main Article Content
Abstract
Abstract
This research investigates the soil-structure interaction behavior in pile group foundation systems with varying pile spacing configurations. The study employs both numerical modeling and field testing to analyze the load distribution mechanisms and settlement characteristics. Using finite element analysis and full-scale load tests, the research examines pile group efficiencies at spacings ranging from 2.5D to 4D, where D represents pile diameter. Results indicate that pile spacing significantly influences group behavior, with optimal efficiency achieved at 3.5D spacing. The study provides crucial insights for foundation design optimization in challenging soil conditions. The findings demonstrate that pile-soil-pile interaction effects diminish substantially at spacings beyond 4D, while spacings below 3D show marked reduction in individual pile capacity.
Keywords: Pile group efficiency; soil-structure interaction; foundation engineering; pile spacing; settlement analysis.
Abstrak
Penelitian ini mengkaji perilaku interaksi tanah-struktur pada sistem pondasi grup tiang dengan variasi jarak antar tiang. Studi ini menggunakan pemodelan numerik dan pengujian lapangan untuk menganalisis mekanisme distribusi beban dan karakteristik penurunan. Melalui analisis elemen hingga dan uji pembebanan skala penuh, penelitian ini meneliti efisiensi grup tiang pada jarak 2,5D hingga 4D, dimana D adalah diameter tiang. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa jarak antar tiang secara signifikan mempengaruhi perilaku grup, dengan efisiensi optimal dicapai pada jarak 3,5D. Studi ini memberikan wawasan penting untuk optimasi desain pondasi dalam kondisi tanah yang menantang. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa efek interaksi tiang-tanah-tiang berkurang secara substansial pada jarak lebih dari 4D, sementara jarak di bawah 3D menunjukkan pengurangan yang nyata dalam kapasitas tiang individu.
Kata kunci: Efisiensi grup tiang; interaksi tanah-struktur; teknik pondasi; jarak antar tiang; analisis penurunan.
Keywords
Article Details

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Copyright on any article is retained by the author(s).
- The author grants the journal, right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work’s authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal’s published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
- The article and any associated published material is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License
References
- Bowles, J. E. (2019). Foundation Analysis and Design (6th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.
- Chan, K. S., & Chow, Y. K. (2020). Analysis of Pile Group Settlement Considering Soil-Structure Interaction. International Journal of Geomechanics, 20(3), 04020024.
- Fleming, K., Weltman, A., Randolph, M., & Elson, K. (2018). Piling Engineering (4th ed.). CRC Press.
- Handayani, R., Wijaya, A., & Santoso, B. (2022). Cost-effectiveness Analysis of Pile Group Configurations in High-rise Building Foundations. Indonesian Journal of Civil Engineering, 15(2), 145-158.
- Kusuma, H., & Prasasti, Y. (2021). Three-dimensional Finite Element Analysis of Pile Group Behavior under Various Loading Conditions. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 33(4), 412-426.
- Nugroho, S. A., & Simatupang, P. T. (2023). Cyclic Loading Effects on Pile Group Stiffness Degradation in Cohesive Soils. International Journal of Geomechanics, 28(2), 156-170.
- Permana, A., Widodo, S., & Hartono, J. (2022). Seismic Response Analysis of Pile Group Foundations: Case Study of High-rise Buildings in Jakarta. Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics Journal, 42(3), 289-304.
- Poulos, H. G. (2016). Tall Building Foundation Design. CRC Press.
- Pratama, B., Susanto, A., & Widodo, S. (2021). Lateral Response of Pile Groups in Layered Soils: Experimental and Numerical Studies. Geotechnical Engineering Journal of the SEAGS & AGSSEA, 52(3), 1-12.
- Rahardjo, P., Suhendro, B., & Hardiyatmo, H. C. (2019). Soil-Structure Interaction in Pile Foundation Systems: Recent Developments and Future Challenges. Indonesian Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 24(1), 1-15.
- Rahman, A., & Susetyo, B. (2023). Assessment and Rehabilitation of Historical Building Pile Foundations in Jakarta's Old Town. Journal of Architectural Heritage, 15(4), 412-428.
- Rahmawati, D., & Junaedi, H. (2023). Environmental Impact Assessment of Pile Group Foundation Systems: A Life Cycle Analysis Approach. Sustainable Construction Materials and Technologies, 16(2), 178-192.
- Randolph, M. F., & Gourvenec, S. (2017). Offshore Geotechnical Engineering (2nd ed.). Spon Press.
- Santoso, L., Wijaya, R., & Hartanto, P. (2022). High-Performance Concrete with Nano-silica for Pile Foundation Applications: Mechanical Properties and Durability Aspects. Construction and Building Materials Journal, 35(6), 567-582.
- Sulistyo, B., & Hartono, J. (2022). Influence of Installation Methods on Pile Group Performance: A Case Study of Jakarta Soft Clay. Journal of Ground Improvement, 40(2), 89-102.
- Tang, L., & Yang, K. (2018). Seismic Performance of Pile Group Foundations with Different Configurations. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 105, 84-95.
- Tomlinson, M., & Woodward, J. (2014). Pile Design and Construction Practice (6th ed.). CRC Press.
- Wicaksono, S., & Sutjipto, S. (2023). Real-time Monitoring of Pile Group Behavior using Distributed Fiber Optic Sensing. Journal of Structural Health Monitoring, 18(1), 78-92.
- Widodo, S., & Suryolelono, K. B. (2020). Group Effects in Pile Foundation Systems: Analysis of Stress Distribution and Settlement Characteristics. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 45(3), 234-248.
- Wijaya, K., & Hartanto, D. (2023). Integration of BIM and Geotechnical Analysis in Pile Group Design Optimization. Automation in Construction, 47(3), 234-248.
- Wu, W., & El Naggar, H. (2016). Experimental Study of Pile Group Efficiency in Sand. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 53(4), 644-661.
- Yang, Z., & Jeremić, B. (2019). Numerical Analysis of Pile Behaviour Under Lateral Loads in Layered Elastic-Plastic Soils. International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, 43(1), 121-140.
- Zhou, M., Zhang, Y., & Wang, J. (2017). Effect of Pile Spacing on the Group Efficiency of Bored Piles. Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities, 31(5), 04017054.